George Orwell's allegorical novel Animal Farm contains various anthems adopted by the eponymous farm, most notably the original anthem "Beasts of England" and its later replacement "Comrade Napoleon".
This change is used to illustrate the corruption of the principles of the animals' rebellion by Animal Farm's leader Napoleon. Both the The Internationale and "Beasts of England" reflected the principals of Marxism and Animalism, respectively. Their replacement by different anthems reflect how these ideologies were arguably distorted by Stalin and Napoleon and thus had to be replaced and suppressed.
The development corresponds to the historical events of 1943, when Joseph Stalin had The Internationale, hitherto anthem of the Soviet Union, replaced with a new, more patriotic national anthem. However, while "Beasts of England" was outlawed in the novel, The Internationale was not banned by the Soviet Union at any time and remained as the anthem of the Communist Party.
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"Beasts of England", the original anthem of the Animal farm corresponds to the famous socialist anthem, The Internationale, but also alludes to Shelley's Men of England.
In the book, the pig Old Major explains his dream of an animal-controlled society three nights before his death.
The animals sing "Beasts of England" frequently after the rebellion, especially after meetings. At one point when Clover the horse questions the direction of Animal Farm, she sings "Beasts of England" which causes the other animals to join in. (The song's tune is described in the novel as sounding like a combination of "La Cucaracha" and "Oh My Darling, Clementine".)
After "Beasts of England" has been used to express criticism of the direction of Animal Farm, Napoleon tries to supplant the song, arguing that such an anthem is antiquated and no longer needed after the rebellion has been completed. The anthem is first replaced by the short "Animal Farm!" and later by "Comrade Napoleon", while "Beasts of England" is eventually outlawed. The phasing out of "Beasts of England" as the anthem of Animal Farm corresponds to the Soviet Union's 1944 replacement of The Internationale with the National Anthem of the Soviet Union.
"Animal Farm!" is the anthem first replacing "Beasts of England" after Squealer manages to convince the other animals that the original anthem is unneeded. Minimus the poet composes a new anthem which starts:
But it is noted that it wasn't as entirely as good as "Beasts of England."
As Napoleon becomes more powerful, he replaced "Animal Farm!" with another anthem, again written by Minimus. The anthem praised and glorified Napoleon, attributing many of the successes on the farm to him, even though he had little or no role in them. The poem marked the general happy feeling towards the rule of Napoleon at the time in the book and was painted on the wall of the big barn opposite the Seven Commandments. It was surrounded by a portrait of Napoleon drawn by Squealer in white paint.
In the 1999 film adaptation, "Beasts of England" is retitled "Beasts of the World" and "Comrade Napoleon" is replaced by a song titled "Beloved Leader Napoleon", put to the tune of the Russian song "V Put":
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